Inamdar, S., Singh, L., Juperi, S., Jayakumar, G., Jiang, W., Ferrier, L., & Chae, S. H. (2026). Enhancing noise robustness in SiN microring photonic reservoirs enabled by 2D material nonlinearities. APL Engineering Physics, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313673
Abstract:
Photonic reservoir computing offers a promising route toward ultrafast, low-energy temporal signal processing, but its performance is intrinsically limited by the nonlinear characteristics and noise of its nodes. Conventional silicon microring reservoirs suffer from high optical loss and thermo-optic fluctuations, which raise the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). While silicon nitride (SiN) mitigates optical losses, it has the weakness of lacking inherent nonlinearity and bistability. Here, we incorporate a monolayer of WSe2 onto a SiN microring resonator (MRR) to enhance the third-order susceptibility, resulting in a sharper resonance response and a deeper bistable potential. This hybrid integration improves dynamic stability against noise, suppresses unwanted resonance drift, and enhances noise robustness. The WSe2–SiN MRR reservoirs achieve a 4 dB increase in SNR and a 30% reduction in NMSE. By integrating with 2D material layers, training accuracy reaches ∼94% in 30–40 iterations, which is over five times faster than the bare SiN counterpart. We evaluated time-series prediction using the NARMA-10 and NARMA-20 benchmarks. Both simulations and experiments confirm robust hysteresis, longer memory retention, and stable operation exceeding 5000 cycles, highlighting a practical pathway toward noise-tolerant, energy-efficient photonic reservoirs for high-speed edge computing and signal prediction.
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Funding Info:
This research / project is supported by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) - Manufacturing, Trade, and Connectivity Programmatic Grant
Grant Reference no. : M23M2b0056
This research / project is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) - Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 1 grants
Grant Reference no. : RG63/23, RT2/23, RG71/25
This research / project is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) - Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 2
Grant Reference no. : MOE-T2EP50224-0018
This research / project is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) - Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 3
Grant Reference no. : MOE-MOET32023-0003
This research / project is supported by the A*STAR - Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Individual Research Grant (IRG)
Grant Reference no. : M23M6c0109
This research / project is supported by the ANR (French National Research Agency) - project MILPHEUILLE
Grant Reference no. : ANR-25-CE09-2554
This research / project is supported by the ANR (French National Research Agency) - PHC Merlion programme
Grant Reference no. : 51272YD
Description:
This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Inamdar, S., Singh, L., Juperi, S., Jayakumar, G., Jiang, W., Ferrier, L., & Chae, S. H. (2026). Enhancing noise robustness in SiN microring photonic reservoirs enabled by 2D material nonlinearities. APL Engineering Physics, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313673
and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313673