Li, Y., Kumar, S., Yang, G., Lu, J., Yao, Y., Kang, K., & Seh, Z. W. (2025). The contrast between monovalent and multivalent metal battery anodes. Science, 389(6766). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl5482
Abstract:
Monovalent (lithium, sodium, potassium) and multivalent (magnesium, calcium, aluminum) metal anodes are promising alternatives to graphite anodes for overcoming the performance limitations of lithium-ion batteries. In this Review, we compare and contrast their electrochemical behaviors in nonaqueous electrolytes by discussing their common challenges of irregular metal deposition and unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs), as well as their differences, which are due to dissimilar surface energies and cation charge densities. General design strategies for electrode, electrolyte, and interphase are proposed to enable horizontally deposited metals with preferred crystallographic orientations and stable SEIs with distinct chemical compositions yet similar structural homogeneity. Finally, we assess the specific advantages and unresolved challenges of each system, providing cross-disciplinary insights to advance high-energy and low-cost metal-anode batteries for next-generation energy storage.
License type:
Publisher Copyright
Funding Info:
This research / project is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation - National Research Foundation Investigatorship
Grant Reference no. : NRF-NRFI09-0002
This research / project is supported by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research - Manufacturing, Trade, and Connectivity Programmatic Fund M23L9b0052
Grant Reference no. : M23L9b0052
Description:
This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on Vol. 389, No. 6766, DOI:
10.1126/science.adl5482