Plant-Based Meat Analogs and Their Effects on Cardiometabolic Health: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Plant-Based Meat Analogs With Their Corresponding Animal-Based Foods
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Plant-Based Meat Analogs and Their Effects on Cardiometabolic Health: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Plant-Based Meat Analogs With Their Corresponding Animal-Based Foods
Plant-Based Meat Analogs and Their Effects on Cardiometabolic Health: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Plant-Based Meat Analogs With Their Corresponding Animal-Based Foods
Toh, D. W. K., Fu, A. S., Mehta, K. A., Lam, N. Y. L., Haldar, S., & Henry, C. J. (2024). Plant-Based Meat Analogs and Their Effects on Cardiometabolic Health: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Plant-Based Meat Analogs With Their Corresponding Animal-Based Foods. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 119(6), 1405–1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.006
Abstract:
Background
With the growing popularity of plant-based meat analogs (PBMAs), an investigation of their effects on health is warranted in an Asian population.
Objectives
This research investigated the impact of consuming an omnivorous animal-based meat diet (ABMD) compared with a PBMAs diet (PBMD) on cardiometabolic health among adults with elevated risk of diabetes in Singapore.
Methods
In an 8-wk parallel design randomized controlled trial, participants (n = 89) were instructed to substitute habitual protein-rich foods with fixed quantities of either PBMAs (n = 44) or their corresponding animal-based meats (n = 45; 2.5 servings/d), maintaining intake of other dietary components. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol served as primary outcome, whereas secondary outcomes included other cardiometabolic disease-related risk factors (e.g. glucose and fructosamine), dietary data, and within a subpopulation, ambulatory blood pressure measurements (n = 40) at baseline and postintervention, as well as a 14-d continuous glucose monitor (glucose homeostasis-related outcomes; n = 37).
Results
Data from 82 participants (ABMD: 42 and PBMD: 40) were examined. Using linear mixed-effects model, there were significant interaction (time × treatment) effects for dietary trans-fat (increased in ABMD), dietary fiber, sodium, and potassium (all increased in PBMD; P-interaction <0.001). There were no significant effects on the lipid-lipoprotein profile, including LDL cholesterol. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was lower in the PBMD group (P-interaction=0.041), although the nocturnal DBP dip markedly increased in ABMD (+3.2% mean) and was reduced in PBMD (-2.6%; P-interaction=0.017). Fructosamine (P time=0.035) and homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function were improved at week 8 (P time=0.006) in both groups. Glycemic homeostasis was better regulated in the ABMD than PBMD groups as evidenced by interstitial glucose time in range (ABMD median: 94.1% (Q1:87.2%, Q3:96.7%); PBMD: 86.5% (81.7%, 89.4%); P = 0.041). The intervention had no significant effect on the other outcomes examined.
Conclusions
An 8-wk PBMA diet did not show widespread cardiometabolic health benefits compared with a corresponding meat based diet. Nutritional quality is a key factor to be considered for next generation PBMAs.
License type:
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Funding Info:
This research / project is supported by the Pinduoduo Incorporated - NA
Grant Reference no. : SC34/22-310900