Li, S.-H., Kumar, P., Chandra, S., & Ramamurty, U. (2022). Directed energy deposition of metals: processing, microstructures, and mechanical properties. International Materials Reviews, 68(6), 605–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2022.2097411
Abstract:
Directed energy deposition (DED), as integral component of additive manufacturing (AM), has achieved continuous progress in past decades and is now performing as promising alternative manufacturing technology for components employed in various industrial applications. This review paper describes DED technique, presents typical microstructure evolution and discusses mechanical responses of DED components upon different loadings. Microstructures and mechanical properties of commercially available materials, including steels, Ti alloys and Ni-based superalloys, are presented in detail and compared to their conventionally manufactured (CM) and laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) counterparts. In addition, the relationship among processing, microstructures and properties is explored based on available DED studies to gain in-depth understanding of DED technique. The application of DED on manufacturing of functionally graded materials (FGM) and component repair is elaborated with special concentration on issues encountered and possible solutions. Finally, some critical issues and research needs to help develop DED and extend its applications are discussed.
License type:
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Funding Info:
This research / project is supported by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research - Structural Metal Alloys Programme
Grant Reference no. : A18B1b0061