Hua, M., Chen, G., Meng, K., Ma, S., Yuen, C., & Cheung So, H. (2024). 3D Multi-Target Localization via Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Protocol and Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 23(11), 16527–16543. https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3442563
Abstract:
With the emerging environment-aware applications,
ubiquitous sensing is expected to play a key role in future
networks. In this paper, we study a 3-dimensional (3D) multitarget
localization system where multiple intelligent reflecting
surfaces (IRSs) are applied to create virtual line-of-sight (LoS)
links that bypass the base station (BS) and targets. To fully unveil
the fundamental limit of IRS for sensing, we first study a singletarget-
single-IRS case and propose a novel two-stage localization
protocol by controlling the on/off state of IRS. To be specific,
in the IRS-off stage, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) of
the azimuth/elevation direction-of-arrival (DoA) of the BS-target
link and design a DoA estimator based on the MUSIC algorithm.
In the IRS-on stage, the CRB of the azimuth/elevation DoA of the
IRS-target link is derived and a simple DoA estimator based on
the on-grid IRS beam scanning method is proposed. Particularly,
the impact of echo signals reflected by IRS from different paths
on sensing performance is analyzed and we show that only the
signal passing through the BS-IRS-target link is required while
that of the BS-target link can be neglected provided that the
number of BS antennas is sufficiently large and the dedicated
sensing beam at the BS is aligned with the departure transmit array response from the BS to the IRS. Moreover, we prove
that the single-beam of the IRS is not capable of sensing, but
it can be achieved with multi-beam. Based on the two obtained
DoAs, the 3D single-target location is constructed.We then extend
to the multi-target-multi-IRS case and propose an IRS-adaptive
sensing protocol by controlling the on/off state of multiple IRSs,
and a multi-target localization algorithm is developed. Simulation
results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme and show that
sub-meter-level positioning accuracy can be achieved.
License type:
Publisher Copyright
Funding Info:
This research / project is supported by the UKRI - NA
Grant Reference no. : EP/Y02785X/1
This research / project is supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau, SAR - NA
Grant Reference no. : 0087/2022/AFJ, 001/2024/SKL
This research / project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China - NA
Grant Reference no. : 62261160650
This research / project is supported by the Research Committee of the University of Macau - NA
Grant Reference no. : MYRG-GRG2023-00116-FST-UMDF, MYRG2020-00095-FST
This research / project is supported by the Ministry of Education - Academic Research Fund Tier 2
Grant Reference no. : MOE-T2EP50220-0019
This research / project is supported by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore - Manufacturing, Trade, and Connectivity Programmatic Fund
Grant Reference no. : M22L1b0110