Mane, R., Ang, K. K., & Guan, C. (2021). Brain-Computer Interface for Stroke Rehabilitation. Handbook of Neuroengineering, 1–31. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_33-1
Abstract:
Stroke is a devastating disease and results in a multitude of functional deficits. Partial paralysis is one of the most prevalent conditions after stroke. Brain-computer interface (BCI) enables control of external devices using brain activity, providing paralysed patients with an alternative means for interaction with their surroundings. Recently, BCI technology has also shown great potential for stimulating neuroplasticity, leading to brain restoration and functional recovery. In a simplistic form, BCI systems detect and translate patients’ brain activity associated with an intention to move an impaired limb into actual movement by external effectors, thereby bridging the lost connection between the intent to move and the movement execution. Thus, BCI systems promote neuronal modification by contingent activation of cortical output and afferent sensory feedback. This chapter provides an introductory overview of non-invasive BCI systems with an in-depth analysis of their use for post-stroke rehabilitation. Moreover, this chapter presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art restorative BCIs with a focus on clinical efficacy and discusses present limitations and future research directions.