Zhenhua Hu, Wee-Wei Tee; Enhancers and chromatin structures: regulatory hubs in gene expression and diseases. Biosci Rep 30 April 2017; 37 (2): BSR20160183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20160183
Abstract:
Gene expression requires successful communication between enhancer and promoter regions, whose activities are regulated by a variety of factors and associated with distinct chromatin structures; in addition, functionally related genes and their regulatory repertoire tend to be arranged in the same subchromosomal regulatory domains. In this review, we discuss the importance of enhancers, especially clusters of enhancers (such as super-enhancers), as key regulatory hubs to integrate environmental cues and encode spatiotemporal instructions for genome expression, which are critical for a variety of biological processes governing mammalian development. Furthermore, we emphasize that the enhancer–promoter interaction landscape provides a critical context to understand the aetiologies and mechanisms behind numerous complex human diseases and provides new avenues for effective transcription-based interventions.
License type:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Funding Info:
This work in the W.-W.T. Lab is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation Fellowship [grant number NRF-NRFF2016-06]; and the Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research [grant number 1531C00144].