Qiu, B., Zhou, X., Li, W., Zhu, H., Yu, L., Yuan, C., Dou, R., Sun, M., & Wang, S. (2024). A magnetically induced self-assembly of Ru@Fe3O4/rGO cathode for diclofenac degradation in electro-Fenton process. Environmental Research, 242, 117781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117781
Abstract:
In this study, a novel magnetic nanocomposite of Ru@Fe3O4/rGO was successfully synthesized by a simple hydro-thermal method. The Ru@Fe3O4/rGO particles were assembled and immobilized for innovative magnetically assembled electrode (MAE) without any binder, and the electrode was further applied in heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) process for the degradation of diclofenac (DCF). The results showed that rGO could remarkably enhance the conductivity and catalyze the two-electron oxygen reduction, which greatly improved the generation of H2O2. In addition, the mixture valence of Fe and Ru species might provide rich reaction sites and enhance electron transfer by synergy. Thus, the Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE exhibited a stable and high electrocatalytic activity in the hetero-EF process for DCF degradation over a wide pH range from 2 to 9 owing to the higher electroactive surface area (EASA) and lower charge/mass-transfer resistance. The DCF degradation efficiency could reach about 100% within 90 min under pH 5 and current 40 mA, and the Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE showed high stability and reusability after five cycles. Theoretically, 1O2 and •OH were the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) participating in DCF degradation in the Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE hetero-EF process. Furthermore, according to the LC-MS/MS intermediates, the possible DCF degradation pathway was deduced including dechlorination, hydroxylation and ring opening attacked by ROS. Eleven intermediates were detected during DCF degradation in the MAE hetero-EF process, and the ecological risk of DCF degradation in Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE hetero-EF process was significantly reduced. This study provides new insights into the magnetically assembled electrode of Ru@Fe3O4/rGO and displays a new practical application prospect of the materials for high-efficient removal and degradation of DCF from wastewater.
License type:
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Funding Info:
This research / project is supported by the NA - National Natural Science Foundation of China
Grant Reference no. : U21A20290, 22176044, 22006024, 82001957
This research / project is supported by the NA - Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation
Grant Reference no. : 2022A1515011656
This research / project is supported by the NA - Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT
Grant Reference no. : RC-XJ2022000501
This research / project is supported by the NA - Maoming science and Technology Project
Grant Reference no. : 2023386