Guo, H., Li, H., Ran, W., Yu, W., Xiao, Y., Gan, R., & Gao, H. (2024). Structural and functional characteristics of pectins from three cultivars of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) pomaces. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 269, 132002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132002
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, structural properties, and biological properties of pectin polysaccharides (AP-FS, AP-QG, and AP-HG) isolated from different varieties of apple pomace. Based on the methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, the structure of AP-FS was determined to be composed of an α-1,4-linked homogalacturonan backbone that exhibited high levels of O-6 methylation. All pectins exhibit potent inhibitory activity against human colon cancer and human liver cancer cells, along with immunostimulatory effects. Among them, AP-FS exhibited the highest activity level. Finally, we further investigated the underlying mechanism behind the effect of AP-FS on RAW 264.7 cells using proteomics analysis. Our findings revealed that AP-FS triggers RAW 264.7 macrophage activation via NOD-like receptor (NLR), NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, our research contributes to a better understanding of the structure-function relationship among apple pectins, and AP-FS has the potential to be applied to dietary supplements targeting immunomodulation.
License type:
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Funding Info:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32072321), Sichuan University and Luzhou City Strategic Cooperation Project (no. 2019CDLZ-20), and Liangshan Prefecture Technology Plan in 2021 (21ZDYF0052).