In Vivo hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals increased pyruvate carboxylase flux in an insulin-resistant mouse model

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In Vivo hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals increased pyruvate carboxylase flux in an insulin-resistant mouse model
Title:
In Vivo hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals increased pyruvate carboxylase flux in an insulin-resistant mouse model
Journal Title:
Hepatology
Keywords:
Publication Date:
10 January 2013
Citation:
Lee, P., Leong, W., Tan, T., Lim, M., Han, W. and Radda, G. K. (2013), In Vivo hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals increased pyruvate carboxylase flux in an insulin-resistant mouse model. Hepatology, 57: 515–524. doi: 10.1002/hep.26028
Abstract:
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin action and increased hepatic glucose production (HGP). Despite the importance of hepatic metabolic aberrations in diabetes development, there is currently no molecular probe that allows measurement of hepatic gluconeogenic pathways in vivo and in a noninvasive manner. In this study, we used hyperpolarized carbon 13 (13C)-labeled pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to determine changes in hepatic gluconeogenesis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Compared with mice on chow diet, HFD-fed mice displayed higher levels of oxaloacetate, aspartate, and malate, along with increased 13C label exchange rates between hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and its downstream metabolites, [1-13C]malate and [1-13C]aspartate. Biochemical assays using liver extract revealed up-regulated malate dehydrogenase activity, but not aspartate transaminase activity, in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, the 13C label exchange rate between [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]aspartate (kpyr->asp) exhibited apparent correlation with gluconeogenic pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity in hepatocytes. Finally, up-regulated HGP by glucagon stimulation was detected by an increase in aspartate signal and kpyr->asp, whereas HFD mice treated with metformin for 2 weeks displayed lower production of aspartate and malate, as well as reduced kpyr->asp and 13C-label exchange rate between pyruvate and malate, consistent with down-regulated gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Taken together, we demonstrate that increased PC flux is an important pathway responsible for increased HGP in diabetes development, and that pharmacologically induced metabolic changes specific to the liver can be detected in vivo with a hyperpolarized 13C-biomolecular probe. Hyperpolarized 13C MRS and the determination of metabolite exchange rates may allow longitudinal monitoring of liver function in disease development. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
License type:
PublisherCopyrights
Funding Info:
Description:
ISSN:
0270-9139
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